The Origin of Language in Human Evolution Essay - 1209 Words

Language is a complex system evolved from animal cognition system not from animal communication, suggesting that only humans with complex brain system were capable of developing (Ulbaek, 1998). Whereas other animal species communicate through vocalised sounds, songs, or gestures specially primates such as apes. Similarly gestures and hand gestures were the form of communication used by early hominids, but Homo habilis and Homo erectus started to use vocalisations and decreasing the frequent use of simple hand gestures for communication. Humans developed a spoken linguistic system which is used to express separate and distinct thoughts. Others have suggested with supporting evidence that language evolved through imitation of sound in†¦show more content†¦The anatomy required for human speech is the lungs for the source of wind, inner tube trachea including the vocal cords and larynx and pharynx. These are responsible for the articulation of speech especially the Larynx becau se this set of muscles is essential for producing the sounds of human language. The position of larynx is important because in non-human primates such as apes the larynx is positioned high in the neck therefore preventing the production of sounds. Fitch and Reby (2001) research on the other hand shows that descended larynx is not uniquely human, animals such as red deer do possess descended enabling them to produce vocal sounds but not as complex as humans. In addition, four million years ago in Australopithecus hominids species the larynx had not descended, therefore their ways of communications were through sounds, cries and gestures for example hand signalling (Corballis, 1999). As humans have gradually evolved, brain became larger and posture improved, the neck started to emerge, hand gestures became a secondary role thus making vocal language the main communication system, there were found to be most predominate in era of Homo erectus hominids Another explanation of vocal theory proposes that human language evolved thought imitation of sounds especially in ourShow MoreRelatedAnthropology and Its Branches1728 Words   |  7 PagesAnthropology is the study of human beings, in particular the study of their physical character, evolutionary history, racial classification, historical and present-day geographic distribution, group relationships, and cultural history. Anthropology can be characterized as the naturalistic description and interpretation of the diverse peoples of the world. Modern-day anthropology consists of two major divisions: cultural anthropology, which deals with the study of human culture in all its aspects;Read MoreAnnotated Bibliography On Human Language1116 Words   |  5 Pages(2013). â€Å"Evolution of Human Language – A Biolinguistic, Biosemiotic and Neurobiological Perspective†; Language in India, ISSN 1930-2940 Vol. 13:6, June 2013. Prà ©cis by Samantha Sutton, December 2, 2015 TOPIC In this article there are several depictions of how language has come about and how language has formed not only in humans but in the animal kingdom as well. Nehal and Afzal use several other scholars work in defining their research on the topic of human language evolution. In the articleRead MoreEvolution Of Language And The Brain1447 Words   |  6 Pagesinclude bio-cultural evolution, brain development, and biosemiotics. He has published 2 major books The Symbolic Species: The Co-Evolution of Language and the Brain† and â€Å"Incomplete Nature: How Mind Emerged from Matter† also coauthored several books and articles revolving semiotics. The book I will be mainly focusing on is The Symbolic Species, which tackles on his theory of the co-evolution of language and the brain. He has 3 tasks in this book first, differentiates human mode of reference (symbolicRead MoreAfrica The Home Of Humanity1253 Words   |  6 PagesHumanity Human origins, evolution, and diffusion are important for understanding the history of Africa. African historians take pride in the fact that Africa is most certainly the birthplace of humanity. There is evidence showing that humanity began in Africa by remains left behind by human groups and societies. They have retrieved fossils of living organisms, and even written records, like cave drawings. Dating back millions of years ago Africa provides the best time line of human developmentRead MoreThe Major Developments of Early Human and Social Evolution641 Words   |  3 Pages Describe the major developments of early human and social evolution. Throughout, discuss tool manufacturing, language development, agriculture, social behavior, and population growth. The first tools developed during the Paleolithic Era were made from chipped stones, wood and bone, and nets from plant fibers and animal sinew (Holt, Rinehart, Wilson, n.d.: 2). The Neolithic Era brought forth greater specialization. People began to make chisels, drills, and saws to address specific needs andRead MoreFor this assignment, I chose â€Å"The Origin of Modern Humans† by Roger Lewin as my book to read for800 Words   |  4 Pagesthis assignment, I chose â€Å"The Origin of Modern Humans† by Roger Lewin as my book to read for my book report. Roger Lewin is a British award-winning science author and writer of 20 books. He was employed at New Scientist in London for about nine years. He went to Washington, D.C. to write books and other pieces for science for ten years as news editor. The book by him that I chose, in 201 pages, this book explained answers to questions like where and when modern humans first appeared, what featuresRead MoreDarwin ´s Theory of Natural Selection and Primates1285 Words   |  6 PagesDarwin’s ideas about organic evolution were drawn from the existing forces of knowledge on evolution developed by Lyell, Malthus, and Lamarck. Although Darwin was not the first thinker about the concept of evolution, he was a revolutionary in developing a theory of evolution that was consistent. The distinctive element of the evolutionary theory conceived by Darwin is the way he viewed species. Darwin considered variation among individuals of a species to be natural. He further argued thatRead MoreSpeech : A Comparison Between Human And Primates1660 Words   |  7 PagesNeanderthal Speech: A Comparison Why is human speech is unique compared to other animals? Well, both humans and animals can communicate in motions, however humans can communicate in forms of signals and symbols, which could be gestures, sounds, or written words. Main differences between human and primates in regards to speech is that humans have an open vocal system while primates have a closed vocal system. Homo sapiens is probably the only animal that uses language to communicate with one another whichRead More[Writer Name] [Supervisor Name] [Subject] [Date] History of the English Language and some of the1000 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish Language and some of the many Factors that have influenced its Evolution Language is surely the most influential form of communication. It is the most powerful instrument an individual can have. By definition, language is the use voice sounds by human beings, organized in order to express and communicate thoughts and feelings. It is what has shaped our society into what it has become today, what has allowed our civilization to excel and progress into what is now modern day. Language has allowedRead MoreThe Museum Of Natural History1242 Words   |  5 Pagesopening of the Hall of Human Origins exhibit. The Hall of Human Origins is comprised of information that takes museum-goers back in time to witness human development over the course of thousands of years and its impact on the world. For many, this exhibit serves as an environment that fosters learning, increases knowledge, and sparks interest in anthropic history. Yet for others, this exhibit sticks out like a sore thumb, due to the fact that an exhibit based on the premise of evolution goes entirely against

Essay on Is NCLB Necessary - 1369 Words

Is the NCLB really necessary? The No Child Left Behind act is a nationwide legal system that is considered to improve our education system. The NCLB act improves our education system by setting a standard for each school to meet (a required academic standard), hire high quality teachers, improve communication with parents, and provide a safe environment for the students. However after the NCLB act took effect, not much was accomplished. Now many question whether the NCLB is really necessary. The No Child Left Behind’s purpose is to improve the education by creating a standard in which all students should meet the requirements. These standards consist of all students meeting proficient or above in reading and math by 2014. Similarly†¦show more content†¦However if these â€Å"standards† are not meet, the schools faces decrease in funding and other punishments that corresponds as a consequence to their accountability. Evidently the NCLB has seriously improved our standard of education. Like the improvement of our standardized educational system, the NCLB act is insuring children to be taught by high quality teachers. These conditions would mean that all students should have highly qualified teachers, especially the minority and the disadvantaged. Likewise, for teachers to be deemed â€Å"highly qualified† they must have: â€Å"a bachelor’s Degree, full state certification or licensure, and prove that they know each subject they teach†. Teachers in middle school and high school must prove that they know the subject with: â€Å"a major in the subject they teach and credits equivalent to a major in the subject.† They must also have a â€Å"passage of a state-developed test, an advanced certification from the state, or a graduate degree. â€Å" Currently science teachers are in great demand. And in most cases, science teachers need to teach more than one field in science. â€Å"Some states allow a general scienc e certification, while others require subject specific certification (such as biology, chemistry, or physics).† The NCLB polices’ for the â€Å"high quality teacher† are enhancing the field of education that most people are taking for granted, and this shouldn’t be overlooked. The safety of the student is also a significant issue for theShow MoreRelatedNclb Political Issues1439 Words   |  6 PagesBehind Performance Task 1 In Partial Fulfillment of AP Seminar Exam Introduction The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) was introduced March 22 2001, and enacted January 8th 2002. NCLB was enacted after the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) of 1965 was determined to be out of date, and underperforming by the majority of US legislatures. The goal of NCLB was to improve the overall success rate of students in The United States compared to other developed nations. The initial actRead MoreEssay On No Child Left Behind719 Words   |  3 Pages Ever since President George W. Bush implemented the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) act in 2002, states across the nation have developed a wide array of methods to keep education systems accountable. When identifying the role the NCLB has in America’s education systems, Professor of Educational Policy Studies at the University of Arizona Jill Koyama determined that the NCLB act requires â€Å"†¦ states [to] implement accountability systems that assess students annually and, based on those assessments, determin eRead MoreLeft Behind Education1542 Words   |  7 Pageseducational system has had an unhealthy focus on testing and accountability — unhealthy because it has driven public policy to concentrate on standardized tests of uneven quality at the expense of the more important goals of education† (112). Although the NCLB act is placed upon the affluent and working-class students, evidently the working-class undergoes the hardship to obtain a well-rounded education. In support to the previous claim, the social activist, Jean Anyon states in â€Å"From a Social Class to theRead MoreThe American Occupational Therapy Association993 Words   |  4 PagesIn order to drive the change, it is necessary to create a sense of urgency among the stakeholders, such as occupational therapists, educators, OT students, and parents. The sense of urgency can be established by pointing out possible consequences of not specifying OTs as school mental health providers under the NCLB. It is ne cessary to convey to stakeholders that the current trends will continue to restrict the role of OTs to the special education population. In the long run, this trend will furtherRead MoreEffectiveness Of The No Child Left Behind Act Of 2001 ( Nclb )1613 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction This study will focus on the effectiveness of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB). The NCLB Act of 2001 was a reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA) (www.newamerica.org). The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 was a Great Society program that allocated federal funds for education and looked to hold schools accountable (www2.ed.gov). The NCLB Act of 2001 was passed through Congress in 2001 with bipartisan support and greatly increasedRead MoreEssay on Evaluating Published Research Problems976 Words   |  4 Pagesaccommodations that are being provided for students who have been diagnosed with Asperger’s Syndrome (AS) and if these services are addressing the needs of the students. The study was conducted to inform Disability Support offices of what services are necessary for the population of AS higher education students to support them in their educational journey in higher education. Summarize the basis for the problem. Smith (2007) states that there has been an increase in diagnosis of AS. The Americans withRead More No Child Left Behind Act Essay1247 Words   |  5 Pagesand secondary education. The NCLB emphasizes accountability and abiding by policies set by the federal government. This law sets strict requirements and deadlines for states to expand the scope and frequency of student testing, restore their accountability system and guarantee that every classroom is staffed by a teacher qualified to teach in his or her subject area. Furthermore, the NCLB requires states to improve the quality of their schools from year to year. The NCLB pushes state governments andRead MoreStandardized Testing And Its Impact On Education1547 Words   |  7 Pagesuse of the standardised test in the United States didn’t become common in secondary education until the 1980s when several governors argued that testing students in schools was necessary to raise school standards. This would be expanded upon se veral decades later with the introduction of the No Child Left Behind Act(NCLB) which required that annual testing in math and reading be implemented into the teaching curriculum; while at the same time mandating that students be at a certain level in bothRead MoreHigh School and Act1525 Words   |  7 PagesAct of 2001 (Public Law 107-110), more commonly known as NCLB, is a United States federal law signed on January 8, 2002 by George Bush, that reauthorizes a number of federal programs that aim to improve the performance of primary and secondary schools by increasing the standards of accountability for state, school districts and schools, as well as providing parents more flexibility in choosing which schools their children will attend. NCLB is built on four principles: accountability for results,Read More No Child Left Behind1472 Words   |  6 Pagesgreat future that it rely on by initiating a war on the minds of the children. No Child Left Behind (NCLB) is a federal education policy that was developed in 2001. (Lagana-Riordan and Aguilar 135). NCLB is a program designed to minimize the differences in the level of education that white or rich people get to poor African-American, Hispanic or any other race who have low standards of life. NCLB is basically a program to test students’ performance on reading and math standardized tests. AYP or â€Å"adequate

Causes of the Arab-Israeli Conflict free essay sample

The origins of the conflict between Arabs and Israelis lie deeply in religious and historical times. The aftermath of World War Two instigated the rise of Zionism and Arab nationalism, escalating the religious and cultural differences between the two nationalities. Foreign interference from western nations negatively intervened in the tensions between Arabs and Israelis. The decline of the Ottoman Empire gave opportunities for Britain to impose the Mandate System which increased hostilities between Arabs, Israelis and the Western world. Conflict between the Arabs and the Israelis were mainly due to the rise of Zionism and Arab Nationalism. Following the Holocaust and other events in WWII, Jewish people were even more displaced and were encouraged by Herzl and Weizmann’s Zionist movement to migrate back to the homeland, modern day Palestine. This was perceived by the Arab inhabitants as an invasion. The Jewish brought with them international expertise to boost the economy, dominating the finance and agricultural industries. We will write a custom essay sample on Causes of the Arab-Israeli Conflict or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Arabs reacted with violence, attacking Jewish settlements of Tel Aviv and Haifa in 1920. The Jews in response created the Haganah, the Jewish Defence Force dedicated to maintaining the security of the settlements. Another factor was the shared religious interest in Jerusalem and the Dome of the Rock, which is a central focal point in the conflict over borders. The Arabs mobilised very slowly but eventually the Arab Nationalism movement was founded, their aim to establish Arab rule in the Middle East, directly contrasting with Zionism thus inevitably leading to conflict. Their strong religious and cultural differences were crucial to the Arab-Israeli conflict. International interest in the nature of the Arab-Israeli relationship was counterproductive to reconciling the differences between the two ethnicities. Early attempts by interested parties to make agreements ended in failure and abandonment due to contradictory and inconsistent promises. The Hussein-McMahon Correspondence of 1915 was a series of a letters between the Arabs and the British. The correspondence promised British support for an Arab independence if the Arabs revolted against the Ottoman Empire family. This alliance however, was juxtaposed by the next agreement, the Sykes-Picot Agreement of 1916. Made between Britain, France and Russia, it discussed the division of the Middle  East with Arabia as an independent state while Palestine would be jointly ruled by the three co-conspirators. The revelation reinforced the determination of the Arabs to be independent. The Balfour Declaration of 1917 complicated the situation further since it appeared to be promising the establishment of a Jewish National State in a letter between the British and the Jewish. The UN Partition Plan in 1947 gave the opportunity for Zionist leader Ben Gurion to declare the establishment of the State of Israel and was the catalyst for the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, one of many violent conflicts that would perpetuate as the conflict continued to be unresolved. The uncoordinated, duplicitous and irrational efforts by the western world to intervene in the Arab-Israeli conflict were weaknesses clearly thought to be necessary and instead increased the tensions between the two nations. The collapse of the Ottoman Empire left the fate of the Middle East to the League of Nations. They implemented the Mandate System, a form of governance designed to assist the fractured Arab community to establish independence by administering regions until they were ready for self-governance. However, their ulterior motives to maintain access to key resources in the area, mostly oil deposits and the Suez Canal prevented both Arab nationalist and Zionist aims. The actions of these nations were detrimental to the relations between Arabs and Israelis and contributed to the Arab-Israeli conflict. The major causes of the Arab-Israeli conflict were foreign interference, nationalism and the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. These factors were critical to the development and escalation of hostilities between the two nations torn over one land.